What is cancer genomic?


Cancer is a collection of illnesses spurred on by DNA alterations that alter cell function and lead to unregulated development and malignancy. These anomalies can include DNA mutations, rearrangements, deletions, amplifications, and the addition or removal of chemical markers, among other variations. Cells may produce aberrant quantities or misshaped proteins that do not function normally as a result of these alterations. Multiple genetic abnormalities frequently interact to generate cancer. Genetic changes can be inherited from one's parents, brought on by the environment, or arise naturally during processes like cell division. Acquired or somatic alterations are what occur over a person's lifetime and are responsible for 90–95% of all cancer cases.

Importance of Cancer Genomics in Precision Cancer Medicine:

The significance of cancer the use of genomics in targeted cancer treatment Precision medicine, which adapts treatment plans to the tumours of individual patients, is improving cancer diagnosis and curing methods thanks to genomic information. Drugs have been created to treat cancer in a variety of ways as a result of study into the genetic alterations connected with the disease:

  •         Preventing the enzymes that cause cancer cells to grow and survive abnormally
  •         Preventing the abnormal gene expression that is seen in cancer cells
  •         Preventing overactive molecular signalling pathways in cancer cells

These “targeted therapies” specifically combat characteristics of cancer cells that are different from normal cells of the body.

The study of the human genome, or our entire set of DNA, is done in the relatively new discipline of cancer genomics, which makes use of current technological advancements. Researchers find genetic variations that might contribute to cancer by sequencing the DNA and RNA of cancer cells and comparing the sequences to those of normal tissue, such blood. In order to determine whether proteins are abnormally active or silenced in cancer cells, a method known as structural genomics may also evaluate the activity of genes encoded in our DNA. This information will help us understand how cancer cells develop uncontrollably.

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